74 research outputs found
Set-theoretic aspects of periodic -groups --- extraspecial p-groups and Kurepa trees
Given a group G, we let Z(G) denote its center, G' its commutator subgroup,
and Phi (G) its Frattini subgroup (the intersection of all maximal proper
subgroups of G). Given U leq G, we let N_G (U) stand for the normalizer of U in
G. A group G is FC iff every element g in G has finitely many conjugates. A
p-group E is called extraspecial iff Phi (E) = E' = Z(E) cong Z_p, the cyclic
group with p elements.
When generalizing a characterization of centre-by-finite groups due to B. H.
Neumann, M. J. Tomkinson asked the following question. Is there an FC-group G
with vert G / Z(G) vert = kappa but [G:N_G(U)] < kappa for all (abelian)
subgroups U of G, where kappa is an uncountable cardinal. We consider this
question for kappa = omega_1 and kappa = omega_2. It turns out that the answer
is largely independent of ZFC, and that it differs greatly in the two cases.
More explicitly, for kappa = omega_1, it is consistent with, and independent
of, ZFC that there is a group G with vert G / Z(G) vert = omega_1 and [G:N_G
(A)] leq omega for all abelian A leq G. We do not know whether the same
statement is still consistent if we drop abelian. On the other hand, for kappa
= omega_2, the non-existence of groups G with vert G / Z(G) vert = omega_2 and
[G : N_G (A) ] leq omega_1 for all (abelian) A leq G is equiconsistent with the
existence of an inaccessible cardinal. In particular, there is an extraspecial
p-group with this property if there is a Kurepa tree
Strolling through Paradise
With each of the usual tree forcings I (e.g., I = Sacks forcing S, Laver
forcing L, Miller forcing M, Mathias forcing R, etc.) we associate a
sigma--ideal i^0 on the reals as follows: A \in i^0 iff for all T \in I there
is S \leq T (i.e. S is stronger than T or, equivalently, S is a subtree of T)
such that A \cap [S] = \emptyset, where [S] denotes the set of branches through
S. So, s^0 is the ideal of Marczewski null sets, r^0 is the ideal of Ramsey
null sets (nowhere Ramsey sets) etc.
We show (in ZFC) that whenever i^0, j^0 are two such ideals, then i^0 \sem
j^0 \neq \emptyset. E.g., for I=S and J=R this gives a Marczewski null set
which is not Ramsey, extending earlier partial results by Aniszczyk,
Frankiewicz, Plewik, Brown and Corazza and answering a question of the latter.
In case I=M and J=L this gives a Miller null set which is not Laver null; this
answers a question addressed by Spinas.
We also investigate the question which pairs of the ideals considered are
orthogonal and which are not.
Furthermore we include Mycielski's ideal P_2 in our discussion
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